Cholesterol - Over 50% of the adult population in world has high cholesterol, but does not know or do nothing to reduce it. The cholesterol is a fatty substance that, in normal amounts, it is necessary for the proper functioning of the body and transported in blood. There are two types: HDL cholesterol or "good cholesterol" and LDL or "bad cholesterol". The 'good' is responsible for collecting the extra cholesterol from the cells and expel the body, while the 'bad' cholesterol leads by our body and deposited in tissues. When the level of 'bad' is above the recommended, cholesterol reaches the tissues in greater quantities and accumulates in excess in the walls of the arteries.

Tips for reducing cholesterol
The best practice is to perform moderate daily exercise: the practice of a sport or physical activity regularly increases the good cholesterol in the blood. It is important to follow a healthy diet, varied, balanced, low-fat saturated: increased amount of vegetables (2 servings) and fruit (3 servings) must be part of your daily diet. It's good to add or increase healthy fats, such as intake of oily fish and nuts provide healthy fats to your body. Watch the weight: it is important to conduct periodic monitoring. People with overweight have a higher tendency to have cholesterol problems. Also recommends eating cholesterol-lowering dairy products, which reduce levels quickly and effectively. Bear in mind that cholesterol is not played and you have to take it seriously. Good intentions are not enough.

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Many people believe that is a kind of poison that we must avoid at all costs. The reality is that we need cholesterol to produce hormones and vitamin D, build cell membranes, transport fats in the body ... However, when the rates of cholesterol in the blood rise above normal values, the cholesterol can be deposited in a "plaque" on the inside of the arteries in the same way that lime is accumulated inside a pipe. Over time, these Deposits of cholesterol can impede blood flow and heart may not receive all the oxygen it needs, which increases the risk of heart attack. Reduced blood supply to the brain can, in turn, cause ictus (Stroke).

Risk Factors
Risk factors for Hypercholesterolemia (And cardiovascular disease): the diabetes, The hypertension, The obesity, The smoking and lack of exercise; Diets rich in Saturated fat (Animal) and trans (Partially hydrogenated vegetable fats, found in many processed products) and cholesterol, A family history of Hypercholesterolemia at an early age, family history of heart disease ...

No symptoms
The problem of Hypercholesterolemia is noteworthy that no symptoms. A blood test is the only way to detect it. Experts recommend a Cholesterol test at 20 years of age and then every 5 years. More frequent tests are recommended if the patient has a family history of Hypercholesterolemia or other risk factors, as smoking or diabetes.

"Good" cholesterol and "bad" cholesterol
In order to circulate in the blood (an aqueous medium), the cholesterol (A type of fat) is bound to proteins. This combination is known as lipoprotein. Three types of lipoprotein:
1. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL, for its acronym in English). The LDL or "bad" cholesterol transports cholesterol particles throughout the body. Excess LDL cholesterol builds up in artery walls and ends up hardening and narrowing the arteries (atherosclerosis).

2. Very low density lipoprotein - This type of lipoprotein takes the maximum associated triglycerides (Another type of fat in the blood, also associated with cardiovascular risk). Like the LDL, The VLDL causes narrowing of the arteries.

3. High density lipoprotein (HDL). The HDL or "good" cholesterol acts as a plunger, removing excess LDL cholesterol HDL cholesterol rates, the lower the cardiovascular risk. Lipid profile. Values total cholesterol above 200 mg / dl and values of LDL ("bad") of over 160 mg / dl an increasing risk of heart attacks and strokes. In turn, HDL ("good cholesterol) above 45 mg / dl significantly reduces that risk. Known as lipid tests, The Cholesterol test values usually include total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

Impact
The Hypercholesterolemia is the eve of the atherosclerosis, Dangerous buildup of plaque within the arteries. If the affected atherosclerosis are those that supply blood to the heart (coronary arteries) can cause chest pain (angina).

If arterial plaque breaks or cracks can form a blood clot (thrombus) in the place of rupture and block blood flow there or travel freely and block an artery elsewhere.

A heart attack is a consequence of the interruption of blood flow from the heart. Stroke occurs when blood supply ceases to part of the brain.

Treatment
Changes in diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking ... help maintain cholesterol at bay. As for food, we recommend a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in saturated and trans fats and refined flours and sugars. As fats are advisable virgin olive oil, nuts and oily fish.

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